Factor x² + x

Factor x² + x - 12

Here we will show you how to factor the quadratic function x² + x - 12 using the box method. In other words, we will show you how to factor x squared plus x minus 12 (x^2 + x - 12) using the box method. It is a 5-step process:

Step 1: The standard form of a quadratic equation is ax² + bx + c. We start by labeling the different parts of our equation x² + x - 12, like this:

a = 1
b = 1
c = -12

Step 2: Next, we need to draw a box and divide it into four squares:

-3	-3x	-12
x	x²	4x
	x	4

We put x² (a) in the bottom left square and -12 (c) in the top right square, like this:

-3	-3x	-12
x	x²	4x
	x	4

Step 3: In order to fill in the other two squares, we need to do some math. We have to find two numbers that multiply together to give us the product of 1 times -12 (a × c), and add together to equal 1 (b).

More specifically, 1 times -12 is -12. Therefore, we need to find the two numbers that multiply to equal -12, and add to equal 1.

? × ? = -12
? + ? = 1

After looking at this problem, we can see that the two numbers that multiply together to equal -12, and add together to equal 1, are -3 and 4, as illustrated here:

-3 × 4 = -12
-3 + 4 = 1

Now, we can fill in the last two squares in our box with -3x and 4x. Place -3x in the upper left square, and place 4x in the lower right square.

-3	-3x	-12
x	x²	4x
	x	4

Step 4: Next, we need to find four final numbers to finish factoring our equation. We can see that our box is a 2 x 2 table made up of rows and columns.

Our goal is to find the numbers that, when multiplied together, result in the products in each square. We can do this by finding the greatest common factor in each row.

Let’s look at the top row. We have the terms -3x and -12. The greatest common factor of -3x and -12 is -3. Therefore, we write -3 to the left of the top row. You can see it here in the color green:

-3	-3x	-12
x	x²	4x
	x	4

Next, let’s look at the bottom row. We have the terms x² and 4x. The greatest common factor of x² and 4x is x. Therefore, we write x to the left of the bottom row. You can see it here in the color blue:

-3	-3x	-12
x	x²	4x
	x	4

To find the values below the table, we first divide x² by x (labeled in blue). This gives us x.

x² ÷ x = x

You can see this value colored in orange below:

-3	-3x	-12
x	x²	4x
	x	4

Next, we divide 4x by x (labeled in blue). This gives us 4.

4x ÷ x = 4

You can see this value colored in purple below:

-3	-3x	-12
x	x²	4x
	x	4

Step 5: Now we have all of the information we need to finish factoring the equation. The values outside of the box are used to factor x² + x - 12. You simply put the values on the left in one set of parentheses, and the values below in another set of parentheses, to get the answer:

(x - 3)(x + 4)

That’s it! Now you know how to factor the equation x² + x - 12.

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